Water microbiology is concerned with the micro-organisms that live in water, or can be transported from one habitat to another by water. Water can support the growth of many types of micro-organisms. This can be advantageous as the growth of some bacteria in contaminated water can help digest the poisons from the water. However, the presence of other disease causing microbes in water is unhealthy and even life threatening. For example, bacteria that live in the intestinal tracts of humans and other warm blooded animals, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio, can contaminate water if feces enters the water. The new focus of environment as a whole has led to the development of new activities related to application of principles of water, Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiologywhich forms the scope of Environmental Biotechnology. Recently the focus of wastewater treatment has been pathogens and toxic substance removal for water recycling, since the water supplies are limited and there is a need to reuse the water.This reference textbook is essential reading for all students, pursuing B. Tech in environmental science, microbiology, biotechnology and life sciences. It is also a valuable source of information for those preparing for or already associated with pollution prevention, chemical and biochemical engineering, etc. Besides students various industrialists and consultants in wastewater pollution and allied fields will also be benefited from this book.